Загрязнение окружающей среды и изменение климата

Абстрактный

2020 Market Analysis- 7th International Conference on Pollution Control & Sustainable Environment

Dr. Bassem Nassouhy

Air and water pollution are major environmental
problems in the Italy and around the world, including
water, air and soil contamination due to the
incorporation or replacement of new compositions,
which could lead to a drastic change in their nature and
could even lead to depletion and deterioration of
existing natural materials. The Pollutants basically
consists of heavy metals, organic compounds, nitrates
and phosphates.
According to the European Environment Agency, Italy
has the highest number of premature deaths from
nitrogen dioxide air pollution as compared to any
country in the EU. In 2013, the agency reported last
year, the toxic gas mainly from diesel fumes killed over
21,000 people in Italy.
By the mid - October Italian cities had already exceeded
EU air quality standards, specifying that cities should
have no more than 35 "bad air" days – when PM10
pollution levels exceed micrograms per cubic meter of
air – per year.
According to the European Environment Agency, Italy
has the highest number of premature deaths from
nitrogen dioxide air pollution in any country in the EU.
In 2013, the agency reported last year, the toxic gas,
which comes mainly from diesel fumes, killed over
21,000 people in Italy.
Italy has not set a target for banning the sale of new
diesel vehicles, unlike some other European countries,
including France and the UK.
Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), ozone (O3), and
nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are the most problematic
pollutants. Estimates of PM2.5 alone in Europe indicate
432,000 premature deaths. Germany and France, Italy
has the highest pollutant levels. In fact, 84,400
premature deaths occurred in Italy, followed by
Germany (72,000) and France (58,400).
The causes are mainly linked to the transport industry,
which is responsible for 46% of the emissions of nitric
oxide, to the domestic and commercial heating, which
produce 43 to 58% of the particulate matter, and to the
energy production, which is the major emitter of sulphur
oxides. These are followed by industry, agriculture
(particularly for the production of ammonia) and waste,
which produce a significant amount of methane (31%).
In terms of life months lost, according to a report
published in June by the Italian associations Cittadini
per l’Aria: “This means that pollution shortens the life
of every Italian of 10 months on average; 14 for those
who live in Northern Italy, 6.6 for those who live in
Central Italy, and 5.7 for those who live in Southern
Italy”.
Smoking is common in many major cities in Italy,
although it has been banned since 2005 in closed public
spaces. In fact, smoking rates rose to 22% in 2014.
A 2006 report by the World Health Organization found
significant levels of air pollution in Italian cities ranging
from 26.3 to 61.1 milligrams per cubic meter (particle
size 10 μm or less is PM10). The WHO guidelines set
the standard for air quality at 20 micrograms per cubic
meter, whereas the European Union Directive on air
quality is set at 40 micrograms per cubic meter (daily
limit). The European Environment Agency (EEA)
estimated that, due to particulate air pollution, more than
66,000 people die prematurely. The EEA observed an
annual average trend of PM10 in Italy below the
threshold levels for the period 2012 - 2015. Traffic
stations still have high concentrations of particulate
matter.As far as air pollution and climate change are
concerned, Italy is pushing initiatives to reduce black
carbon emissions, especially in the transport sector. Italy
co - funded nearly 190 projects at a total cost of 195
million euros through the Sustainable Mobility Fund.
Italy has consistently reduced emissions over the past
two decades.
For effective recycling, separate waste collection is used
in 2013; Waste generation also decreased on average.
However, the Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development (OECD)'s 2013 report recommends
Italy's “Water Management needs a long term vision,
consistent implementation and better governance.” It
also reports that Italy is currently pursuing a number of
water conservation initiatives, including the
development of the legal and institutional framework,the reform of water supply systems and the
improvement of water sanitation systems.
The concentrations of these compounds were studied for
soil and groundwater. It was found that the
concentration Heavy metals were very high among all
i.e. 37.30%. And the concentration of cyanide was
negligible.
Pollution Control 2020 supported by the organizing
committee network of renowned scientific and
professional expert such as Dr. Bassem Nassouhy,
General Manager, Scientific Business Solutions Group
UAE provided a platform for collaboration
among colleagues, vendors, and academia to reveal new
innovations, solutions, ideas, and emerging technologies
in Environmental Science.