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A Needs Assessment Of Factory Workers In India For Health Promotion Programs

Rahul Mehra, Paul Branscum and Manoj Sharma

Background: India has a very high burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. This burden can be reduced more cost effectively over the long term by focusing on preventative measures and lifestyle modifications initiated from the worksite. The Employee State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) is government operated and the largest health insurance company in India and covers medical costs for lower income factory workers who make less than Rs.10,000/month (about $200 per month). The purpose of this study was to conduct a need assessment related to health and worksite health promotion opportunities for workers in India covered by ESIC.

Methods : One worksite in India covered by the ESIC was visited and 25 male workers were evaluated. Workers completed a quantitative survey and were interviewed via 15-20 minute semi-structured, one-on-one sessions.

Results: On average, men were middle aged (mean: 39.6 years), and mostly married (88%) with children. Workers missed on average 5.3 (median: 9.8) workdays in the past year due to health issues. Regarding lifestyle habits, 48% used tobacco, 56% ate fried foods at least 3 times/week and 32% engaged in physical activities less or equal to 1-2 times per week. Most were satisfied with worksite conditions, although there was concern regarding tobacco use inside the worksite even though it was banned. There was significant interest in participating in health promotion programs. About 50% were interested in biometric measurements for heart disease, but significantly more were interested in educational seminars (80%; χ=25.79, p=0.05). Significant logistical challenges were identified to facilitate participation of their wives and children in health promotion activities.

Discussion:Family health and costs were a major concern for this middle aged, low income working population. Their high level of interest in participating in health promotion activities showed recognition of health risks and an opportunity for health promotion.