Отчеты о трансплантации: открытый доступ

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Advancements in Organ Transplantation: A Comprehensive Review

Ambrus K

Organ transplantation has emerged as a groundbreaking medical procedure, offering a lifeline to individuals suffering from end-stage organ failure. This comprehensive review delves into the recent advancements, challenges, and future prospects in the field of organ transplantation. The paper begins by elucidating the historical evolution of transplant procedures, highlighting key milestones that have shaped the landscape of transplantation medicine. The core of the review explores the latest innovations in organ preservation, immunosuppressive therapies, and organ allocation strategies. With a focus on enhancing graft survival and minimizing post-transplant complications, researchers have made significant strides in developing novel preservation techniques such as machine perfusion and hypothermic storage. Immunosuppression, a critical aspect of transplantation, is examined in light of recent breakthroughs in personalized and targeted approaches. The review emphasizes the shift towards precision medicine to tailor immunosuppressive regimens based on individual patient profiles, thereby mitigating the risk of rejection and minimizing side effects. Organ allocation and distribution policies play a pivotal role in ensuring equitable access to transplantation. The paper discusses the evolving landscape of organ allocation systems, considering ethical dilemmas, resource optimization, and the use of artificial intelligence in enhancing allocation algorithms. Challenges inherent to organ transplantation, including the shortage of donor organs and the risk of rejection, are addressed in the context of emerging solutions such as xenotransplantation and bioengineering. The review also explores the ethical considerations and societal implications associated with these cutting-edge approaches. Looking ahead, the paper discusses the potential impact of regenerative medicine, stem cell therapies, and 3D printing in revolutionizing organ transplantation. These innovative technologies hold promise in overcoming current limitations and expanding the pool of viable organs for transplantation.