Журнал биоремедиации и биодеградации

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Advances in Sewage Water Treatment: Ensuring a Sustainable Future

Azer Kerminia*

This comprehensive exploration delves into the forefront of sewage water treatment technologies, presenting a dynamic panorama of advancements that are shaping the trajectory of this critical field. Against the backdrop of burgeoning global population and rapid urbanization, the imperative for effective sewage water treatment has never been more pronounced. This article synthesizes the latest breakthroughs across various stages of the treatment process, examining their collective impact on ensuring a sustainable future for water resources and environmental well-being. The discussion begins with a reimagining of primary treatment methods, where innovations in screening mechanisms and sedimentation processes have ushered in a new era of efficiency. Advanced screening technologies not only bolster the removal of large solids but also contribute to a more meticulous elimination of contaminants, thereby reducing the burden on subsequent treatment phases. Concurrently, optimized sedimentation techniques have emerged as instrumental in achieving enhanced particle settling while concurrently minimizing energy consumption, aligning with the overarching ethos of sustainable wastewater management. Biological treatment, a cornerstone of sewage water purification, takes center stage in the article's discourse. Traditional activated sludge systems have undergone a transformative evolution through the integration of stateof-the-art aeration technologies, fostering an environment conducive to the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms. The emergence of biofilm reactors and membrane bioreactors signifies a paradigm shift, demonstrating superior nutrient removal capabilities and emphasizing nature-based solutions in wastewater management. Addressing the challenge of recalcitrant pollutants, the article scrutinizes the application of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). Techniques such as Ozonation, UV radiation, and Fenton processes introduce highly reactive hydroxyl radicals, providing a targeted and efficient means of breaking down persistent compounds that conventional methods struggle to address. This section underscores the pivotal role of AOPs in raising water quality standards and confronting emerging contaminants, including pharmaceutical residues and industrial chemicals.