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An Overview on Epidemiology Airborne Transmitted Diseases

Peter Frank

The transmission of an infectious disease through microscopic particles suspended in the air is known as airborne or aerosol transmission. Among the infectious diseases that are capable of airborne transmission are many that are of significant importance to both human and veterinary medicine. The relevant infectious agent could be bacteria, viruses, or fungi. They can be spread by breathing, talking, coughing, sneezing, raising dust, spraying liquids, flushing toilets, or any other activity that produces aerosol particles or droplets. Diseases brought on by air pollution are not included in this category; rather, it refers only to the transmission of an infectious agent. Smaller droplets and aerosols also contain live infectious agents and can remain in the air longer and travel farther. Individuals generate aerosols and droplets across a wide range of sizes and concentrations, and the amount produced varies widely by person and activity. Larger droplets greater than 100 m typically settle within 2 m. Smaller particles can carry airborne pathogens for extended periods of time. However, this distinction is no longer used. While the grouping of airborne microorganisms is more prominent inside 2m, they can travel farther and gather in a room.