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Biopsychosocial Model of Health

Simon George Taukeni

The focus of this work is mainly on integrating biopsychosocial model in health discipline such as public health, psychology, psychiatry, medicine and all other allied health sciences. In Wikipedia, biopsychosocial model (2020) is defined as an interdisciplinary model that looks at the interconnection between biology, psychology and socio-environmental factors. Its founder George L. Engel (1977) asserted that biopsychosocial model reveals the development of illness through the interaction of biological factors: genetic, biochemical; psychological factors: mood, personality, behavior; and social factors: cultural, familial, socioeconomic, medical. Figure 1 illustrates biopsychosocial model According to Engel (1977), as illustrated in figure 1, the model depicts the interaction of biological, psychological and social factors in determining the health outcome. Other authors like Nadir, Hamza and Mehmood (2018) concur that biopsychosocial model have been a foundation in the ideal practice of modern medicine. Literature further revealed that Engel proposed the model by using the work of Urie Bronfenbrenner who believed that social factors play a role in developing illnesses and behaviors (Bio psychosocial model, 2020)