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Different Therapies Practiced in Corneal Regeneration

M Sanjana, Shayoli Sarkar

The ocular surface is the outermost part of the visual system where physical or chemical action or injury occurs due to some extrinsic or intrinsic factors like thermal injury, infectious pathogens, burns, Steven Johnson Syndrome or other autoimmune diseases. Some limbal cells have the property to be used as stem cells and carry regenerative property due to their ability to differentiate. Corneal wound regeneration is a complex process where the cell undergoes death, proliferation, migration, differentiation and extracellular matrix remodelling. So corneal regeneration can be done using several forms of therapies out of stem cell therapy is best proven type because of the fast recovery from the infections. Although stem cell therapy is still in earlier stages there are interventions to treat corneal abnormalities is going on. In this process there are several viral and non-viral vectors are used to introduce genes into the cornea in vivo, ex vivo, in vitro. This review focusses on the latest process using biological modulators like gene therapy, signalling inhibitors, micro RNA and nano formulations. This paper also focusses on the latest therapies using stem cells and improvement in ocular drug delivery system to improve the possible and potential therapy of current knowledge for the future treatment of ocular disease.