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Eight Commonly Used Pesticides and Clothianidin Interact Potentially Toxic in Binary and Ternary Manner on Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera)

Andrea Collins

Although though honey bees (Apis mellifera) have been the subject of several toxicological assessments, the majority of this research has only looked at the impacts of specific substances. But in the field, honey bees are frequently exposed to chemical combinations. In this work, we used a feeding approach to assess the effects of eight different pesticides on honey bees, including clothianidin (CLO), carbaryl (CAR), thiodicarb (THI), chlorpyrifos (CHL), gammacyhalothrin (GCY), beta-cyfluthrin (BCY), and spinosad (SPI).