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Etiology, Epidemiology: Pathologic Changes in the Bones Associated with Celiac Disease

George Alangaden

Osteopenia, osteoporosis, and low bone mineral density (BMD) are common side effects of celiac disease (CD). Intestinal malabsorption and chronic inflammation are the two primary processes at play in the complex genesis of pathologic bone changes in CD. The only known effective treatment for CD is a strict gluten-free diet (GFD), yet managing CD-related bone problems is still challenging. This review's goals are to clarify the bone issues associated with CD and raise awareness of osteoporosis development, which is seen as a marker of an unusual CD presentation. There is currently discussion on the efficacy of GFD alone in treating CD patients' altered bone structure. In this review, recent studies on the causes of pathologic bone derangement are presented. Low BMD, osteoporosis, fractures, and treatment of bone issues in CD patients are all epidemiologies. Additionally, transport pathways and the roles of calcium are discussed.