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Role of Vision Loss: Depression and Anxiety of Low Vision Macular Degeneration and Visual Disability

Myran Yanof, Myran Yanof

Purpose: Although the prevalence of depression in visually impaired older persons is high, the association between vision loss and depression seems to be influenced by factors other than visual impairment. In this study, the role of vision loss, functional limitations and social network characteristics in relation to depressive symptoms was investigated.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam were used to investigate the prevalence of depression within subgroups with increasing vision loss. In linear regression models, functional limitations and social network characteristics were examined as possible mediators in the association between vision loss and depression. Having a partner was considered to be a potential moderator.

Results: Although a significant linear trend was found in the presence of depressive symptoms with 14% in normally sighted, 23% in mild and 37% in severe vision loss, vision loss was not an independent determinant of depression. Mediators were functional limitations and social network size. No interaction with partner status was found.

Conclusion: In the presence of depression, a trend was found with increasing severity of vision loss, indicating the need for more attention in health care and low-vision rehabilitation. In the general older population, vision loss was not an independent determinant of depression but was mediated by functional limitations and social network size. Rather than receiving actual social support, the idea of having a social network to rely on when needed seemed to be associated with lower levels of depression.