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Roles of Nitricoxide Signaling Pathway in Atherosclerosis

Xiu-Fen Wang, Zi-Xin Ye, Jing-Yi Chen, Shu-Jin He, Jian Chang, Mei-Wen Yang, Fen-Fang Hong, Yi-Fan Wang and Shu-Long Yang

Nitric oxide (NO) generated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) plays a critical role in the vasoprotective function of the endothelium under physiological conditions. However, under pathological conditions, eNOS and nNOS become dysfunctional, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is stimulated to produce excessive NO, which induce endothelial dysfunction. NO signaling pathways mainly include phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine threonine protein kinase B(AKT)/eNOS pathway, nuclear factorkappa B(NF-κB)/iNOS pathway, extracellular regulated protein(ERK)1/2/nNOS pathway, etc. which are involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis through affecting NO synthesis and its functions. Meanwhile, NO-soluble guanylyl Cyclase (sGC)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway is closely related to atherosclerosis, due to the ability of regulating the degree of vasodilatation. Elucidating NO signaling pathway associated with atherosclerosis is necessary for the improvement and treatment of atherosclerosis. This review summarized the relationships between the different NO signaling pathways and atherosclerosis in the present relative studies.