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Toxicological Studies of Aqueous Extract of Adenia cissampeloides in Clarias batrachus Fish

Emmanuel O. Emeji, Udu A Ibiam

The study was aimed at investigating effects of aqueous stem extract of Adenia cissampeloides on selected liver function biomarkers of Clarias batrachus fish. We determined lethal concentration (LC 50) of the extract to the fish; assayed aspartate aminotran sferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP); and determined concentration of unconjugated bilirubin (UB). A total of one hundred and sixty (160) fish of 122 g each on average were used and grouped into five (A, B, C, D and E) in triplicate. For a total of eighths, blood sample was collected from one fish from each group at one hour interval and assayed. The analysis was done using one factor completely randomized ANOVA design. The LC50was 5.00 g/L, 2.50 g/L and 2.50 g/L for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h respectively. The results showed significant (p<0.05) increases in AST activities and concentrations of UB whereas increases in the activities of ALT and ALP were not significant (p>0.05). Large effect size (ω2) of 0.42 and 0.52 for UB and AST, respectively, were obtained. All the means in AST activity and two in UB concentration with the exception of the control were significantly different from each other in the post hoc (Turkey’ HSD) test. AST/ALT ratio of 1.5 indicated cytotoxic damages to liver cells in the fish. The same effects may occur in man; hence, such fish should be properly heat treated or avoided for human consumption.