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Understanding Acute Stress Disorder: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Veena Tanuja

Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) is a psychological condition characterized by the development of distressing symptoms following exposure to a traumatic event. This disorder typically manifests within the first month after the trauma and may persist for varying durations. The diagnostic criteria include intrusive memories, negative mood alterations, dissociation, avoidance behaviors, and heightened arousal. ASD serves as a precursor to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), with a significant proportion of individuals experiencing a transition from ASD to PTSD if symptoms persist. This comprehensive review explores the etiology, prevalence, risk factors, and neurobiological underpinnings of ASD. The paper delves into the clinical presentation and assessment strategies, highlighting the importance of early identification and intervention. Various therapeutic approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, and emerging treatments, are scrutinized for their efficacy in mitigating ASD symptoms and preventing the progression to chronic PTSD. Furthermore, the paper examines the societal impact of ASD, emphasizing its implications for healthcare systems, workplace environments, and interpersonal relationships. A nuanced discussion on the cultural and contextual factors influencing the expression and recognition of ASD is also presented. The review concludes with a forward-looking perspective, identifying gaps in current research and proposing avenues for future investigations to enhance our understanding and treatment of Acute Stress Disorder.